Green Energy In Malaysia (Business Analytics)

Business Analytics
Assessment 2- Green Energy In Malaysia
Written by: Look Yee Qi (3862947) and Chin Khar Loong (4556446)

Introduction
Fossil Fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are heavily used,extracted and primary resources for energy production .However, fossil fuels are limited and categorized as a non-renewable energy resources once it is being consume. There will be a day where fossil fuels completely run out and depleted from the face of the earth. Therefore, scientist and researchers are constantly finding alternative green energy which is also known as renewable energy to replace fossil fuels. Besides this, green energy are environmental friendly and free for air pollution that will save the earth. Renewable energy can be obtain from nature such as water, air and solar from sunlight.


Non-Renewable Energy Demand (2009-2013)

As per the data above from the year 2009-2013, Non-Renewable Energy such as Pipe Natural Gas, Petroleum & Products, Electricity, Coal & Coke has been increased. However, the stacked bar chart was applied to see the differences and comparison as a whole of Non-Renewable Energy categories. Therefore, Petroleum Products & Others gain the most portion as compared to other Non-Renewable Energy. Petroleum are heavily needed on demand for transportation purpose, heavy duty machinery, heating and electricity generation, asphalt and road oil, and feedstocks for making the chemicals, plastics, and synthetic materials. However, there are limited usage in petroleum and fuels.

Sources: Energy Commission 2015 (http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/f3b9119e-e139-4527-9da6-d77e2eab1c34)

Demand from Energy Sectors (2009-2013)

Petroleum are heavily demand for transportation. The stacked bar chart was used to see the differences and comparison as a whole for the demand energy sectors and its categories. Transportation is needed for daily usage traveling in vehicle and public transport from one destination to another destination for convenience travelling not just for individuals but for commercial logistic transportation of goods as well. Therefore, it has a higher demand for energy production.

The visualization research is mainly on the how Renewable Energy is able to help to reduce CO2 emissions such as green energy project. CO2 also known as Carbon Dioxide emissions are harmful to the earth and causes from burning of fossil fuels such as vehicles and factory waste that would pollute the environment.  The time line data was extracted in a 4 year period from Energy Generation types and Companies Project that help to reduce CO2 emissions. And lastly. Secondly, the research is to show what are the Renewable Energy that is able to contribute and generate energy with efficient to the community. Finally, what are the organization and companies that involves in project for CO2 Reduction and Renewable Energy Generation.

Sources: Energy Commission 2015 (http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/f3b9119e-e139-4527-9da6-d77e2eab1c34)

Organization CO2 Emissions Reduction From Renewable Energy Project (2012-2015)


The main contributor power sector companies to reduce CO2 Emissions are Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB).

A stacked bar chart is used to break down and compare parts of different organization and companies. Each bar in the chart represents a whole, and segments in the bar represent different companies of that whole. Stacked bar chart was used on to see which companies are the significant player that contributes in CO2 Emissions and Energy Generation
Tenaga Nasional Berhad has been consistently contribute The highest tonnes of CO2 Emissions Reduction from Renewable project in the year 2012-2015. 

Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) on the other hand has progress from 2012-2013 and decline later on 2014-2015 due to the lack amount of project and research. Tenaga Nasional Berhad has always been conducting R&D and projects in green energy and saving of the environment such as experimenting with marine algae cultivation as a means of biologically capturing (or fixing) CO2. This organic matter can offer various value-added downstream products which can be converted into biomass, biofuel, nutritional diets, aquaculture food and fertilizer.

Sources: SEDA (Sustainable Energy Development Association Malaysia) annual report 2015  (http://seda.gov.my/?omaneg=00010100000001010101000100001000000000000000000000&s=5702).

Sources :The Star (http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/features/2012/12/18/tenaga-nasional-looks-at-algae-for-co2reducing-efforts/#Cgp8CJlxP8qgrqo9.99)


Organization Energy Generation from Renewable Project (2012-2015)


Besides this, Tenaga Nasional Berhad has also contribute the highest energy generation from Renewable Project not just in CO2 Emissions. According to the latest news, Tenaga Nasional Berhad recently develop a 50MW large-scale solar photovoltaic plant in Tanjung Duabelas,Kuala Langat Selangor 2016. In 2014, they awarded to Edra Energy Sdn Bhd 50MW solar power plant to be sited in Kulim, Kedah.

Sources: The Star (http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/21/tnb-to-develop-solar-pv-plant-in-selangor/)


CO2 Emissions Reduction and Energy Generation From RE Project (2012-2015)


The Line Chart was used to view on the time series trend of different categories of Renewable Energy from the year 2012-2015 that has contributed to the Energy Generation from Renewable Energy Project and CO2 Emissions Reduction. The purpose is to have a clear view and identification of the sustainability, upward and downward trends of different Renewable Energy.

The energy generation for renewable projects are mainly Biomass, Solar Voltaic, Small Hydro and Biogas. However, according to the year 2012-2015 from SEDA annual report 2015, energy generation from renewable project are mainly Solar Voltaic and Biomass. BIomass energy produced by burning of wood and organic matter which also mean by recycling resources. Malaysia has conduct projects that would turn waste into energy from oil palm industries in its cement manufacturing process and also install Biomass thermal oil heaters that utilises rice husks and woody biomass.

The government focuses on 3 areas: Agriculture, Healthcare and Industrial for R&D on biomass. However, Solar Voltaic has been tremendously contribute in energy generation from renewable project and CO2 Reduction. Biomass was initially growing and eventually did not manage to sustain.

Sources: Resources Malaysia Biomass Industries Confederation
(https://www.eclareon.com/sites/default/files/datoleong_kin_mun_-_potential_for_waste-to-energy_in_malaysia.pdf)





The reason Solar Voltaic Energy has overtaken Biomass and has been generated highly and because Malaysia is equatorial in nature that receives an abundance of sunshine yearly. Therefore, Solar Voltaic Energy plays a crucial role in the future energy mix. The number of applications display awareness to the public the importance of clean and renewable energy.

Solar Voltaic energy is lower cost, greener, cleaner and free of pollution as compared with Biomass which involves in burning organic matter from the comparison of Annual CO2 Emissions reduction from Renewable Projects Bar Chart which contributes a higher tonnes of CO2 Emissions reduction in 2014-2015. 

On the other hand Biomass has been increasingly contribute to CO2 Emissions reduction back in 2012-2013 and decline from 2014-2015 due to the project focus on Solar Voltaic Energy. In addition, installation of Solar PV system requires a shorter time compared to other RE resources. 

Solar Energy benefit factors are as below:

SUSTAINABLE
The sun is a free and renewable resource, making solar photovoltaic a sustainable technology.

LOW MAINTENANCE
The PV system does not have moving mechanical parts, and the grid-connected PV system does not require batteries. The solar modules only need to be kept relatively clean for optimum performance.

GUARANTEED PERFORMANCE
The PV systems are designed to be durable. Most solar modules come with 25 years performance warranty. The inverter manufacturers usually offer 5 years warranty.

SECURES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
With the solar PV power pool, the grid is less dependent on a single source of energy. This helps to secure domestic electricity supply.

EFFICIENT
The PV technology offers high yield performance and lossless export of your electricity output to the grid.

EASY & QUICK TO INSTALL
The PV system can be easily implemented. The installation of a 4kWp residential system typically takes 2 days with minimal access requirement to your premise interior.

21 YEARS PAYMENTS
Sell your electricity generated to the grid and get paid at a premium rate through the Feed-in Tariff scheme for 21 years.

REDUCES CARBON EMISSIONS
Unlike fossil fuel and other non-renewable energy, PV systems produce clean electricity without releasing harmful carbon dioxide.

Sources: Solar Power Malaysia (http://www.solarpower.my/solar-pv-system/)


Application Approver Renewable Energy for Commercial (2015)

From the Pie Chart Application Approver Renewable Energy for Commercial in 2015, Solar Voltaic has the most amount of approved applications for commercial due to its low cost and convenience as compare to other Renewable Energy such as Geothermal, Biomass, Biogas and Hydro.Pie Chart is utilized to able to have a clearer picture in terms of Percentage (%) portion.Therefore, majority of percentage (%) falls on Solar Voltaic.


Application Solar Voltaic for Commercial (2015)

Next, we will drill down the Solar Voltaic Energy to types which can be classified to Individuals, Non-Individuals and Community. Pie Chart show percentage or proportional data of Solar Voltaic Energy categories and usually the percentage represented by each category is provided next to the corresponding slice of pie. Note that the Individuals has a higher portion of Solar PV installation. Nowadays, many citizens build homes with solar energy panel installed including farms. Besides this, there are many Solar Voltaic Grid Installation being held around the community.

Example of projects are the: 
  • PV Applications Grid Connected in Malaysia
  • Residential: Solar Enclave Setia Eco Park
  • Macglo Steel Service Center, Shah Alam
  • Robert Bosch (M) Sdn Bhd, Bayan Lepas
  • Petronas KLCC Tower, Malaysia
  • Cypark Resources Bhd, Pajam



Sources: MIDA (http://www.mida.gov.my/env3/uploads/events/Sabah04122012/SEDA.pdf)


Annual Solar Radiation per Region/Cities in Malaysia



The bar chart is used to show the lowest to the highest ranking of  different states and cities in respective to the annual solar radiations in Malaysia.

Two places where you'd get the best solar radiation in Malaysia are Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) and Bayan Lepas (Penang), with the former as the best spot. Graph above shows that every square metre of solar panel produces 1,900 kW of energy per hour in Kota Kinabalu, compared to only 1,571 kW per hour in Kuala Lumpur; assuming 100% solar cell efficiency. 

The reason is due to the longitude and altitude of each region. Most importantly is due to the clearness of the air for to capture the sunlight. Due to its busy city, the air is polluted therefore produce unclear air for solar energy to be capture as compare to Kota Kinabalu.

Sources: Matec-Conferences
((https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2014/04/matecconf_icper2014_02015.pdf)

Sources: The Green Mechanics
(http://www.thegreenmechanics.com/2013/08/annual-solar-radiations-in-different.html)


Conclusion/Reflection



In summary, The Average Monthly Household Expenditure (%) from the year 2005-2014. Pie Chart is used to as it can be seen that majority proportion and percentage of Household Expenditure are spending. 

The majority spending of household expenditure falls on Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and other fuels which has become the primary human necessity spending after Food and non-alcoholic beverages which come in second most average monthly spending. 

Every individuals requires energy resources in order to run their daily activities such as transportation and travel, machinery, construction of buildings and infrastructure, factory productions. Therefore, Malaysia has been study and continue to research on alternatives energy not just to replace fossil fuel in the future but also to preserve the environment and reduce pollution.

Sources: Malaysia Informative Data Centre. (http://mysidc.statistics.gov.my/index.php?lang=en#) on the Average Monthly Household Expenditure (%) 2005-2014).

Local and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) Solar Companies and Projects.

Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB), Malakoff Corp Bhd, Mudajaya Group Bhd and Integrated Logistics Bhd (ILB) – have been accepted by the Energy Commission (EC) to develop large-scale solar photovoltaic plants.

Sources: The Star (http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/22/four-firms-get-goahead-to-build-solar-power-plants/)
However, there are foreign investor that would invest on solar energy project and company set up in Malaysia such as the top 3 FDI Malaysia from China, Singapore and Japan.

Sources: Santander Trade Portal (https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/establish-overseas/malaysia/foreign-investment)

As of today from 2016 onwards, China has some of the biggest solar energy equipment producers in the world. There have been Malaysian companies teaming up with companies from China to bid for renewable energy jobs.

For instance, Lejadi Group via its bumiputra construction subsidiary, Lejadi Infra Sdn Bhd, signed a joint-venture agreement with Chinese company Global Solar Co Ltd to jointly bid for engineering, procurement and construction projects of solar and renewable energy plants in Malaysia.

Sources: The Star (http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/22/four-firms-get-goahead-to-build-solar-power-plants/)


China being the largest foreign investor in manufacturing, pouring 4.7 billion ringgit into solar panel and steel production. Among projects that went forward in 2016 was a 1.06 billion ringgit investment by subsidiaries of Shanghai-listed Xian Longi Silicon Materials to produce solar ingots, water cells, and modules used in solar panels.
Jinko Solar Technology, a unit of New York-listed JinkoSolar, is investing nearly 500 million ringgit expanding projects to produce solar ingots and photovoltaic cells. Now the plant is located in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Sources: Nikkei Asia Review (http://asia.nikkei.com/print/article/242820).

Job Creation and GDP Growth



Bar Chart of PV Generation (MW) and Job Creation (Jobs) are both create to see the relation between both variables. Job Creation increase as the PV Generation from Green Energy grows.Green Energy Technology had also contributed to the national economy by providing a boost to the Photovoltaic (PV) solar system industry with job creation of 1.8 million jobs between 2010-2016. More than 1 million of these were high-income jobs to operate, construct and maintain Renewable Energy Power Plant (on the basis of 10-30 job per MW).

Sources: Human Resources Online (http://www.humanresourcesonline.net/pm-najib-1-8-million-jobs-created-by-malaysias-ntp-between-2010-2016/)



Data Sources References
       Sustainable Energy Development Association Malaysia. (2015). Annual Report 2015. Retrieved from  http://seda.gov.my/?omaneg=00010100000001010101000100001000000000000000000000&s=5702.

       Energy Commission. (2015). Malaysia Energy Statistics Handbook 2015. Retrieved from http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/f3b9119e-e139-4527-9da6-d77e2eab1c34

       Malaysia Informative Data Centre. (2014). Mean monthly household consumption expenditure, Malaysia 2004-2014. Retrieved from http://mysidc.statistics.gov.my/index.php?lang=en#

       Tan, C.K (2017). Malaysia FDI up 64% in 2016, domestic investment down 5%. Retrieved from http://asia.nikkei.com/print/article/242820

       Chen, W. N (2012). Renewable Energy Status in Malaysia.  Retrieved from http://www.mida.gov.my/env3/uploads/events/Sabah04122012/SEDA.pdf

       Leong, K. M (2015).  Potential for Waste-to-Energy in Malaysia Focus: Biomass. Retrieved from https://www.eclareon.com/sites/default/files/datoleong_kin_mun_-_potential_for_waste-to-energy_in_malaysia.pdf

       Assadi, K. M., Abdul Razak, A. F. Q., & Habib, K. (2014). Solar Energy Potential Estimation in Perak Using Clearness Index and Artificial Neural Network. Retrieved from https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2014/04/matecconf_icper2014_02015.pdf

       Annual solar radiations in different cities in Malaysia. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.thegreenmechanics.com/2013/08/annual-solar-radiations-in-different.html

       Solar PV System. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.solarpower.my/solar-pv-system/

       Mahpar, M. H. (2016). TNB to develop solar PV plant in Selangor. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/21/tnb-to-develop-solar-pv-plant-in-selangor/

       Choong, M. Y. (2012). Tenaga Nasional looks at algae for CO2-reducing efforts. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/features/2012/12/18/tenaga-nasional-looks-at-algae-for-co2reducing-efforts/#Cgp8CJlxP8qgrqo9.99

       Ali, M. S (2016). Four Films get go-ahead to build solar power plants. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/12/22/four-firms-get-goahead-to-build-solar-power-plants/

       Kalra, A, S (2017). PM Najib: 1.8 million jobs created by Malaysia’s NTP between 2010-2016

       MPIA. Solar PV- The Game Changer in Malaysian Electricity Supply Industry.(2015). Retrieved from  http://www.st.gov.my/index.php/en/download-page/presentations/presentations-2015/category/121-workshop-on-solar-pv-net-energy-metering-nem-self-consumption-selco-and-large-scale?download=523:solar-pv-the-game-changer-in-malaysian-electricity-supply-industry

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